Production photo

Puppet theater, 2019, Department of Puppetry, The Central Academy of Drama, Beijing, China

Puzzle

扑朔迷离

A young woman auditions to play Mulan, the legendary girl who went to war in her father’s place, and finds her way back to the father who no longer remembers her.

Role
Sound Operator, Stage Management Team
Scope
Stage management, technical liaison, sound
Run
Five performances, Nov 17–20, 2019, Proscenium Theater, Changping campus

The production

A first for a new department

Puzzle was the first full-scale production of the Department of Puppetry at The Central Academy of Drama, China’s leading conservatory for theater. Professor Wanfeng Hu wrote the play, designed its puppets and scenery, and co-directed with the Argentine puppet director Tito Lorefice.

The play is structured as a play within a play. A father names his daughter Mulan, after the heroine of a 1,500-year-old Chinese ballad who disguises herself as a man and goes to war in her aging father’s place; most American audiences know her from the Disney film. The modern Mulan wants to act, grows apart from her father, and then learns he has fallen ill and lost his memory. To support him she goes to an audition and asks to play Mulan, and the legend takes over the stage.

The production combined shadow puppetry, rod puppets, bunraku-style puppets operated by up to three puppeteers, full head masks, large-scale creature rigs and projection. A company of more than twenty-five student performers, eight design departments, the academy’s Theater Center and a student stage management team brought it from the first creative meeting to opening in eight months.

5
Performances
27
Performers on wireless mics
66
Music and effects files in the show
Production photo
Fig. 01Production photo

雄兔脚扑朔,雌兔眼迷离;双兔傍地走,安能辨我是雄雌?

“The buck hare’s feet kick, the doe hare’s eyes squint. But when two hares run side by side, who can tell which is he and which is she?”

The Ballad of Mulan, c. 6th century, the source of the title. 扑朔迷离 (pūshuò mílí) has come to mean “too tangled to tell apart.”

Concept

Retelling a story everyone knows

Almost every Chinese child learns The Ballad of Mulan in school, and much of the world knows her from the Disney film. How do you stage a story the audience can already tell you, and still give them something they have never experienced?

Puzzle tells the legend through a present-day family, and puts the legend itself in the hands of puppets.

01Enter the legend through the present

The play opens on a subway in present-day China, among young people in designer labels lost in their phones. A phone rings: “Mulan, come home, your father is sick.” Her father no longer recognizes her. To support him she auditions for a film and asks to play Mulan, and the legend begins as a play within a play. In the ballad, Mulan takes her father’s place in the army; here, a daughter takes her father’s place at home. Wanfeng Hu described the aim as letting the ancient Mulan and a contemporary young woman “blend into each other,” so that the story speaks to parents and children today.

02Let the ballad’s own question carry over

The prologue ends with the Little Puppet asking, “What is the girl thinking? What does the girl remember?” The line comes almost word for word from the ballad, where it is asked of Mulan at her loom. In the play, the question comes right after we learn the father has lost his memory.

03Give the legend to the puppets

Tito Lorefice’s concept was that the audience should never feel it is watching actors move puppets, only puppets with lives of their own. The present-day scenes are played mostly by human performers; the legend is carried by shadow puppets, rod puppets, bunraku-style puppets and large creature rigs of many sizes “coexisting in the same universe.” The ballad’s images become objects on stage: the hares of the final verse built as walking rigs, the loom worked by twelve fairies, the village market crowded with puppets.

04Two worlds, two visual languages

Each department drew the line between the two worlds. Lighting used cold, high-color-temperature white for the present and warm light for the past. Costume set modern dress against ancient, and Mulan’s army in pale linen against the enemy in dark. Sound moved from an opening rap and a zombie dance to music for the legend. Most transitions between the two worlds involved several departments at once, which is why so many lines on the cue synopsis list lighting, sound, rail and video together.

05Rewrite the episodes, keep the spirit

The production invents episodes the ballad never had: sheep lanterns that take a mountain, a raid that burns the enemy’s grain, a seduction that captures the enemy chief. It adds comedy, too: a cockfight in the village, a busker, and a pair of market sellers named Spear and Shield, a nod to the Chinese idiom 自相矛盾 (“spear and shield,” meaning to contradict oneself).

06A new experience: puppetry for adults

In China, puppetry is usually filed under children’s theater. Puzzle was built for adults: a family story about illness, memory and duty, told with the full range of contemporary puppet technique. Professor Hu’s summary at the wrap meeting was that the production had begun to change that perception.

Production photo, the present day: a crowd of performers and puppets
Fig. 02Production photo, the present day: a crowd of performers and puppets
Production photo, the legend in shadow, with the abacus on stage
Fig. 03Production photo, the legend in shadow, with the abacus on stage

Design

Scenic renderings

Scenic and puppet design by Wanfeng Hu and team. Five of the production’s scenic renderings, from the opening to the epilogue.

Prologue, opening
Fig. 04Prologue, opening
Weaving
Fig. 05Weaving
The market
Fig. 06The market
The sheep lanterns
Fig. 07The sheep lanterns
Epilogue
Fig. 08Epilogue

My role

Three positions on one team

I was one of six members of the student stage management team, drawn from the Department of Theater Management. My program credit is Sound Operator. In practice the position combined three areas of responsibility, outlined below with the skills, tools and departments each one involved.

i

Stage management

Assistant-stage-manager responsibilities across rehearsals and production meetings.

  • Covered and helped run rehearsals on the team’s rotating schedule
  • Wrote rehearsal reports, circulated to the creative team as the record for design follow-up
  • Moved information between the directors, cast and departments
  • Prepared and routed production paperwork: studio and venue requests, equipment loans, approvals
  • Convened key creative and production meetings and took the minutes
Skills
Rehearsal reports, meeting minutes, scheduling, document control
Tools
Report and minutes templates, rehearsal calendars, sign-in sheets, shared production drive
Works with
Directors, cast, all design departments, Theater Center, academic administration
ii

Technical liaison

The link between design intent and what the theater could build, hang and run.

  • Attended the technical coordination meeting between the scenic designer and the theater’s technical staff
  • Worked with Theater Center staff on venue rules, schedules and equipment
  • Coordinated line-set assignments and equipment requests for the fly system
  • Helped integrate projection with fly cues and puppet entrances during technical rehearsals
Skills
Reading ground plans, hanging plots and construction drawings, translating design notes into technical requirements
Tools
Hanging plot, fly cue sheet, equipment request list, technical revision list
Works with
Scenic, lighting, video, Theater Center technicians, scene shop
iii

Sound

Sound assistant and board operator, from rehearsal-room requirements to the fifth performance.

  • Compiled sound requirements scene by scene from rehearsals
  • Built the sound cue sheet: levels, start and end points, durations
  • Sourced and collected sound effects
  • Worked on-site at the composers’ studio, tracking score and sound-effect development
  • Programmed the QLab show file in running order
  • Wrote the wireless mic plot for 27 performers
  • Shared the cue sheet with stage management and the other departments
  • Operated sound for technical rehearsals and all five performances
Skills
Sound cue writing, level setting, QLab programming, RF mic assignment, show operation
Tools
QLab 4 on a dedicated Mac, mixing console, wireless microphone system, sound cue sheet, mic plot
Works with
Sound designer Aizhong Fan, composers Hao Fu and Lingda Meng, directors, deputy stage manager, cast, Theater Center audio staff

Tuning sound for puppets

Most of the sound for Puzzle was set in the rehearsal room. After each run we adjusted it based on notes from the performers, the scenic team and the lighting team.

Performers noted where music covered a line spoken through a mask, so the cue sheet carries trims beside each cue: the opening rap pushed up, then “bring down for Mulan’s lines,” “bring down for the little puppet.” Scenic told us when the subway flats actually moved, so the train cues follow the scenery instead of a count. When the father’s wheelchair and the projected chat window appeared together, the message chime was placed on that shared moment.

Many GO points are tied to the actors instead of a clock: “about 8 s after Mulan puts on the robe,” “when the three start to run,” “after a moment of whispering.” More than forty rejected tracks and effects survive from this process, including several versions of the opening rap.

Sound cue sheet, excerpt. Prepared by Jingwen Li
Fig. 09Sound cue sheet, excerpt. Prepared by Jingwen Li

Inquiry

Working between departments

Three questions from my three positions: how stage management keeps departments speaking the same language, what puppet theater demands of sound, and what the sound position can control when a live show goes wrong.

01

Translating between departments

Each department talks about its work in its own terms. A designer asks for “the sound of abacus beads sliding.” A technician hears “solid wood that will crack.” Lighting wants “the puppeteer to disappear.” How does stage management make sure everyone means the same thing?

In production meetings, my job was to find the need behind each request, turn descriptions into dimensions and cue numbers, and put the result on paper every department could see.

01Find the need behind the request

At the September 24 technical coordination meeting the designer wanted real wooden abacus beads; the technical staff warned that solid wood cracks. The disagreement looked like one about material. The real need was the sound of the beads, and once that was stated a second solution was available: “If it’s essential, we can support it with a sound effect.” A prop problem became a sound problem.

02Turn descriptions into numbers

“Too tight and the performers can’t pull it, too loose and the effect is wrong” became gaps tied into the band. A mountain that had to read as “flat and fully wrapped” could not be built until it was specified as ring sizes and spacing. A puppet head out of reach became a pole about five meters long.

03Record it where everyone can see it

Whatever we agreed on went onto the paperwork. At the opening subway sequence, a single row of the master cue sheet carries five departments: lighting, line set J27, the scene shift, the projected route map and the sound cue.

04Name what was left untranslated

At the wrap meeting, video reported that many timings had remained “blank, somewhat arbitrary.” Lighting’s goal of hiding the puppeteers depended on costume, and the two were never fully aligned. Anything we left to “settle on site” came back as guesswork in performance.

Load-in revisions from technical coordination
Fig. 10Load-in revisions from technical coordination
02

Sound for puppet theater

In a spoken play, the voice comes from the character. In puppet theater, the character is an object and the voice belongs to someone standing behind it. How do you get the audience to hear the puppet instead of the puppeteer?

We treated each puppet as its own sound source. Mic placement was chosen for the mask, voices were tracked by scene, and objects got sounds that matched their size and movement.

01The mic is under a mask

Several performers worked inside full head masks or behind large puppets, which muffles the voice and shifts it off the puppet. Each performer’s mic position was chosen for the mask, forehead or a specific cheek, with a level trim noted on the mic plot. We held two mic checks in the theater before tech.

02One performer, many voices

A single puppeteer could voice five roles across a performance, from a villager to a soldier to a fairy, often in chorus. I laid out the mic plot by scene so I could see at a glance which channels were live.

03Objects need weight

A puppet has no breath and no footfall. Its life on stage comes partly from sound: the shuttle of the loom, the beads of the abacus, a flock taking off. These effects were cued off the puppeteers’ movement.

04Make room for the puppet’s voice

Music is pulled down whenever a puppet speaks, so that the audience locates the line in the puppet. “Bring down for the little puppet” appears more than once on the cue sheet.

Wireless mic plot, prepared by Jingwen Li
Fig. 11Wireless mic plot, prepared by Jingwen Li
03

When something goes wrong live

Once the show is running it doesn’t stop for a problem. What does the sound position control when something fails during a show?

The sound position cannot repair a prop on stage, but it can make sure its own systems never become the problem, and it can keep the scene alive while others fix theirs.

01The case: the loom

Minutes before the third performance, the ribbons on one side of the giant loom tangled beyond repair. The team cut that side free and played the scene with the other; the scene shop repaired it before the next performance. Because the scene’s cues were fully documented, the team knew exactly what the scene still required and made the decision in minutes.

02The show computer is part of the set

The playback Mac was set up so nothing could interrupt it: Do Not Disturb on, notifications and system alert sounds muted, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth off, automatic updates and sleep disabled, every other application closed, and the QLab workspace saved and checked before the house opens.

03Always have a way out

Every music cue needs a planned exit: a fade cue ready to fire, a known way to stop all audio, and a clear sense of which cues can be skipped if a scene is cut short. Wireless mics are checked one by one at the pre-show line check, with spare batteries and a plan for swapping a failed pack.

04Stay on headset

Problems get solved over headset with the stage manager. The sound operator holds, waits for the stage manager’s call and adjusts levels for whatever the scene has become.

Production log

Eight phases

From the first creative meeting to the production archive. Each phase records what the company did, my part where it applies, and the documents the phase produced.

Console programming

Mixing masked performers on a DiGiCo D5

Most of the cast performed inside full head masks, so every voice reached the house through a wireless mic. After writing the wireless mic plot, I programmed the console show file and mixed the performances from it. The photos in this section are the desk’s own Control Groups page, taken scene by scene; the show file still carries the working title huamulan.

Read together, they are the show’s mixing plan. They record how a company with more parts than microphones was mixed: the same wireless pack becomes a villager in one scene, a soldier in the next, and part of the chorus at the finale.

26
wireless mic channels in use
10
scene snapshots per show file
19
mics live in the busiest scene (1.4)
2
show files, one per cast

The desk

Reading the screen

The interface identifies the desk. The menu bar runs System, Files, Layout, Snapshots, Options, fx, Matrix, Graphic EQs, Control Groups, Solos, Network, Setup. That is the layout of DiGiCo’s D-series software, and the show is saved as a .ses session file, which is DiGiCo’s format.

The surface around the screen points to a D5 Live: two solo buses with their own trim and clear keys, a Save Cur key for storing the current snapshot, and a touch turn encoder beside the screen. The large letter beside the session name and the status line MASTER CONNECTED show the redundant engine pair, A and B, with one acting as master.

Console
DiGiCo D5 Live, dual engine (A / B)
Show files
hua mu lan.ses (A) · hua mu lan b.ses (B)
Inputs
Mic 1–27 wireless, plus a Large Hall reverb return
Snapshots
Basic, Intro, 1.1–1.4, 2.1–2.4, Finale
Clock
96 kHz audio · 25 fps timecode
Scene 1.3, cast A. The snapshot list (top right) is set to touch-to-fire; the Control Groups strip below shows seven character groups recalled muted, and cg 12 holding the Large Hall reverb.
Scene 1.3, cast A. The snapshot list (top right) is set to touch-to-fire; the Control Groups strip below shows seven character groups recalled muted, and cg 12 holding the Large Hall reverb.

Workflow

How the show was mixed

01Mic every performer

Each performer wears a numbered wireless pack, Mic 1 to Mic 27. The input channel keeps the pack number as its name, so the channel never changes when the role does.

02Name groups after characters

DiGiCo Control Groups work like VCAs: one fader and one mute for any set of channels. The groups are named after who is on stage, such as ML, FuQin, MuQin or Luo, not after mic numbers.

03Store membership in snapshots

Each scene snapshot rewrites which mics join which group. Group 1 holds DaoYan&KS in scene 1.1 and TuJiangJun in 2.4, so the operator always reads character names, not numbers.

04Recall everything muted

In every scene the character groups recall as all muted. The operator opens a group when that character speaks or sings and closes it after: line-by-line mixing done on the group mutes.

05Keep the room on one fader

Control Group 12 holds the Large Hall reverb return in every snapshot, so the space around the voices stays on one fader for the whole show.

06Fire scenes on cue

The snapshot list is set to touch to fire: the operator advances scene by scene on the stage cue. Timecode runs at 25 fps alongside, and the desk is clocked at 96 kHz.

Scene map

Ten scenes, group by group

Every group the photographs show, in console order. Numbers are the wireless packs that join the group in that scene. Where cast B uses a different group or pack, it is marked B.

SceneSnapshotCharacter groups (mic numbers)
Intro2.00
RAP5ML2BOYS3 4 7GIRLS8 10 22 23XML1FuQin9
1.13.00
DaoYan&KS3SheYing&Ji18ML2DaZhu4LaoGao19 B —QiHong1 6 7 11 13 17 20 B 1 6 7 11 13 20ZhiPian25Ji12Gou9BTianShen17
1.24.00
YiSheng5Lao&Cunn11 B —MuQin22FuQin9ML2Luo4PangBing18ShouBing6 B —Bang25DaChui3CunMin8 16 B 8 11 16BLao&Shou6
1.35.00
MuQin22CunMin15MeiPo27 B 19QiHong8 11 17XianNv1 12 15 23DaChui3Luo4
1.46.00
ZB&FQ9ZB&LaoZhe11 B —ML2ZhiZhi10QiHong6 7 14 16 19 21 22 24 B 7 14 16 19 21 22 24ZB&Mao12ZB&Dun5ZB&MLX1Luo4ZBQZ8 17 23BLaoZhe6BZBQZ&YaZi11
2.17.00
A14B16C20MLX1ZhiZhi10
2.28.00
Yang8 17 22 23 24ML2LiJiangJun7MLX1Bing6 9 13 14 B —BShanBing6 9 13 14
2.39.00
Bing112 13 16 18LiJiangJun7ML&TuZhu2 25XML1ZhiZhi&Dog9 10Bing221Dun5JuShou19Bing34 8 17 20
2.410.00
TuJiangJun21TJJZhuShou25Mao&Dun5 12ML2MLX1DaoYan3LiJiangJun7
Finale11.00
ML2BOYS3 4 5 7 9GIRLS1 8 10 22 23BOYS211 12 14GIRLS215 17 24

Mic map

One pack, many parts

The same data turned around: one row per wireless pack, one column per scene. Reading across a row shows how much each performer carries. Mic 2 is Mulan in almost every scene; Mic 9 moves between the Father (FuQin) and the Dog, then joins the finale chorus. Cells that differ for cast B show both names.

MicIntro1.11.21.31.42.12.22.32.4Finale
1XMLQiHongXianNvZB&MLXMLXMLXXMLMLXGIRLS
2MLMLMLMLMLML&TuZhuMLML
3BOYSDaoYan&KSDaChuiDaChuiDaoYanBOYS
4BOYSDaZhuLuoLuoLuoBing3BOYS
5RAPYiShengCunMin1ZB&DunDunMao&DunBOYS
6QiHongShouBingBLao&ShouQiHongBLaoZheBingBShanBing
7BOYSQiHongQiHongLiJiangJunLiJiangJunLiJiangJunBOYS
8GIRLSCunMinQiHongZBQZYangBing3GIRLS
9FuQinGouFuQinZB&FQBingBShanBingZhiZhi&DogBOYS
10GIRLSZhiZhiZhiZhiZhiZhi&DogGIRLS
11QiHongLao&CunnBCunMinQiHongZB&LaoZheBZBQZ&YaZiBOYS2
12JiXianNvZB&MaoBing1Mao&DunBOYS2
13QiHongBingBShanBingBing1
14QiHongABingBShanBingBOYS2
15XianNvGIRLS2
16CunMinQiHongBBing1
17QiHongBTianShenQiHongZBQZYangBing3GIRLS2
18SheYing&JiPangBingBing1
19LaoGaoB——BMeiPoQiHongJuShou
20QiHongCBing3
21QiHongBing2TuJiangJun
22GIRLSMuQinMuQinQiHongYangGIRLS
23GIRLSXianNvZBQZYangGIRLS
24QiHongYangGIRLS2
25ZhiPianBangML&TuZhuTJJZhuShou
27MeiPoB—

Two casts

What changes between A and B

The two show files are the same structure with a handful of differences, all in the first act. The pattern fits an alternate cast: packs 6 and 11 swap roles, and the Matchmaker moves from pack 27 to pack 19. Keeping a second file instead of patching one avoided mid-show edits on the nights the casts changed.

SceneCast ACast B
1.1LaoGao on Mic 19; Mic 17 sits in the QiHong crowd groupTianShen on Mic 17; Mic 19 unused
1.2Lao&Cunn on Mic 11, ShouBing on Mic 6, CunMin on 8 + 16Lao&Shou on Mic 6, CunMin on 8 + 11 + 16
1.3MeiPo on Mic 27MeiPo on Mic 19
1.4ZB&LaoZhe on Mic 11; Mic 6 in the QiHong crowd groupLaoZhe on Mic 6; a new group ZBQZ&YaZi on Mic 11
2.2Soldiers group named BingSame packs, named ShanBing
Scene 1.2, cast A (hua mu lan.ses).
Scene 1.2, cast A (hua mu lan.ses).
Scene 1.2, cast B (hua mu lan b.ses).
Scene 1.2, cast B (hua mu lan b.ses).

Screens

From the console

Intro, cast A: Mulan, the rap lead, Boys and Girls choruses.
Intro, cast A: Mulan, the rap lead, Boys and Girls choruses.
Scene 1.4, cast A: ten groups, the busiest page of the show.
Scene 1.4, cast A: ten groups, the busiest page of the show.
Finale, cast A: the full company split into Boys, Girls and two second-line groups.
Finale, cast A: the full company split into Boys, Girls and two second-line groups.

Group labels are the console’s own pinyin shorthand (for example ML for Mulan). The tables are transcribed from photographs of the screens; snapshot 1 (Basic) was not photographed.

Mar–Apr 2019

Phase 01

Forming the company

Professor Hu had been developing the piece for about five years. In March 2019 it became an official production of the academy. We formed the company, Tito Lorefice joined as director, and two creative meetings followed on March 27 and April 18, covering the script, the first finished puppets and the design direction.

Tito’s concept set the terms for every department. The stage would be a large elastic space in which puppets of many sizes share one universe, and the audience should never feel that it is watching actors move puppets, only puppets with lives of their own. Early production management, including an application to China’s National Arts Fund, was led by two stage managers from the class of 2016, Yi Guo and Nuoyu Qu.

Documents

  • Production proposal (Mar 28)
  • Minutes of two creative meetings
  • National Arts Fund application package
  • Director’s concept, Chinese and English
Creative meeting design presentation, Apr 2019
Fig. 12Creative meeting design presentation, Apr 2019, Scenic
Creative meeting design presentation
Fig. 13Creative meeting design presentation, Scenic
Creative meeting design presentation
Fig. 14Creative meeting design presentation, Scenic
Creative meeting design presentation
Fig. 15Creative meeting design presentation, Scenic

Apr–Aug 2019

Phase 02

Designing a world of puppets

Rehearsals ran inside the puppetry students’ classes while each department developed its design. The puppet shop, led by Yongjia Li, realized Wanfeng Hu’s designs: an elderly villager whose head is larger than a person, a pair of hares built as walking rigs, a flock of birds and a fire-bird for the night raid.

Costume played two contrasts, modern against ancient and Mulan’s army in pale linen against the enemy in dark, and dressed the puppeteers in black so that the puppet would read first. Makeup gave the matchmaker a split, puppet-like jaw so that she belonged to the puppets’ world. Lighting planned cold, high-color-temperature light for the present and warm light for the past, and treated light itself as a puppet in the shadow scenes. Video developed storyboards for each projected sequence.

Documents

  • Puppet and costume design boards
  • Character makeup designs
  • Scale model
  • Lighting and video concepts
  • Puppet build schedule
Puppet design, elderly villager
Fig. 16Puppet design, elderly villager, Wanfeng Hu and team
Puppet design, buck hare rig
Fig. 17Puppet design, buck hare rig, Wanfeng Hu and team
Puppet design, the flock
Fig. 18Puppet design, the flock, Wanfeng Hu and team
Costume and puppet portrait
Costume and puppet portrait
Costume and puppet portrait
Costume and puppet portrait
Costume and puppet portrait
Costume and puppet portrait
Costume and puppet portrait
Costume and puppet portrait
Fig. 19–26Costume and puppet portraits, Costume, makeup and puppet departments
Costume design, Mulan in armor
Fig. 27Costume design, Mulan in armor, Costume
Costume design, puppeteer blacks
Fig. 28Costume design, puppeteer blacks, Costume
Scale model
Fig. 29Scale model, Scenic

Sep 2019

Phase 03

Handover and technical coordination

In September our six-person team from the class of 2017 took over production management. We met the outgoing stage managers, consolidated their files into a shared archive, and paired each team member with the departments they would support. Rehearsals with Tito resumed; on September 12 he tested how far the shadow puppets should sit from the screen and asked the cast to propose music for each scene.

On September 24 the scenic designer and the Theater Center’s technical staff met to decide what could be built, hung and safely operated: wagon sizes and storage, track versus casters, the five-meter pole for the mountain puppet, the tension of the loom bands, the orchestra pit. The translation described in the Inquiry began at this meeting.

My part

  • Attended the technical coordination meeting
  • Acted as a contact point between the designers and Theater Center staff
  • Began rehearsal coverage on the team rotation

Documents

  • Technical coordination meeting minutes (Sep 24)
  • Team duty roster
  • Technical revision list for the fly system
  • Scene-by-scene hanging plots
Hanging plot, scene 1, one of 18 scene-by-scene plots
Fig. 30Hanging plot, scene 1, one of 18 scene-by-scene plots, Scenic

Oct 2019

Phase 04

Construction and procurement

Once the budget was approved, the drawings went to the scene shop and the plans became purchase orders. Each request was checked for two things: whether it would work on stage, and whether it fit Mulan’s period. The first lantern props were kerosene lamps, which did not exist in Mulan’s era; they were replaced with woven bamboo lanterns and battery candles. For the waves in the seduction scene, four sheets of plastic film, each 2 by 15 meters, wore out so quickly in rehearsal that the performance quantity had to be planned in advance.

Stage management measured every performer for costumes and maintained a role-by-actor chart, since many performers played several parts. Shadow-puppet tests moved into a black-box studio with equipment on loan from the Theater Center.

My part

  • Coordinated equipment and fly-system needs with the Theater Center
  • Prepared studio and equipment requests
  • Covered rehearsals on the team rotation

Documents

  • Construction drawings (26 sheets)
  • Prop lists, budgets and purchase records
  • Costume and performer size charts
  • Studio and equipment requests
Construction drawing 2-4, the loom
Fig. 31Construction drawing 2-4, the loom, Scenic
Construction drawing 2-1, the father’s wheelchair
Fig. 32Construction drawing 2-1, the father’s wheelchair, Scenic
Construction drawing 4, the mountain
Fig. 33Construction drawing 4, the mountain, Scenic
Construction drawing 6-1, woven lanterns
Fig. 34Construction drawing 6-1, woven lanterns, Scenic
Construction drawing 7-1, the net
Fig. 35Construction drawing 7-1, the net, Scenic
Construction drawing 9-3, the shuttle
Fig. 36Construction drawing 9-3, the shuttle, Scenic

Nov 1–8, 2019

Phase 05

Run-throughs and the sound of the show

Full run-throughs moved into the rehearsal room, with the stage management team covering every session in pairs and reporting after each one. Because several performers wore full head masks, the team scheduled two mic tests in the proscenium theater before load-in.

This is when the show’s sound was locked. I compiled the final music and effects, built the QLab show file in running order, wrote the sound cue sheet and, on November 9, the wireless mic plot. The deputy stage manager, Yubo Zou, kept the prompt book, marking every lighting, sound, fly and projection cue against the script.

My part

  • Programmed the QLab show file
  • Wrote the sound cue sheet
  • Wrote the wireless mic plot
  • Covered run-throughs on the team rotation

Documents

  • QLab show file
  • Sound cue sheet
  • Wireless mic plot
  • Prompt book
  • Rehearsal schedule and sign-in sheets
Calling script, Prologue through Scene 1-1, page 1
Fig. 37Calling script, Prologue through Scene 1-1, page 1, Deputy stage manager Yubo Zou
Calling script, Prologue through Scene 1-1, page 2
Fig. 38Calling script, Prologue through Scene 1-1, page 2, Deputy stage manager Yubo Zou
Cue synopsis, excerpt
Fig. 39Cue synopsis, excerpt, Deputy stage manager Yubo Zou

Nov 9–16, 2019

Phase 06

Load-in and technical rehearsals

Lighting was hung and focused first, then the scenery loaded in. Props that had never been used under show conditions met the stage for the first time: the loom’s ribbon was too short to reach the audience, the frame would not hold its position, and the narrow ribbons kept tangling. Each problem was resolved before rehearsal resumed. A wagon nearly five meters tall could enter only after the side masking was flown out.

Through technical rehearsals the deputy stage manager followed the director and turned every moment into the master cue sheet. The faculty review performance ran on November 15; November 16 was held for notes and changes.

My part

  • Coordinated fly cues and equipment with Theater Center technicians
  • Helped integrate projections with fly cues and puppet entrances
  • Ran sound through technical rehearsals and the review performance

Documents

  • Lighting plot
  • Master cue sheet
  • Fly cue sheet
  • Theater schedule
  • Spike marks and backstage plan
Lighting plot, final (Nov 6)
Fig. 40Lighting plot, final (Nov 6), Lighting
Rail cue sheet, page 1 of 2
Fig. 41Rail cue sheet, page 1 of 2, Deputy stage manager Yubo Zou
Rail cue sheet, page 2 of 2
Fig. 42Rail cue sheet, page 2 of 2, Deputy stage manager Yubo Zou
Production photo, projection, puppets and light in a single cue
Fig. 43Production photo, projection, puppets and light in a single cue

Nov 17–20, 2019

Phase 07

Five performances

One matinee and four evening performances. Minutes before the third, the ribbons on one side of the loom tangled beyond repair; the team cut that side free, played the scene with the other, and the scene shop repaired it before the next performance.

My part

  • Operated sound for all five performances

Documents

  • Show reports
  • Production photography
Production photo
Fig. 44Production photo
Production photo
Fig. 45Production photo
Production photo
Fig. 46Production photo
Production photo
Fig. 47Production photo

Nov 21, 2019 →

Phase 08

Wrap and archive

At the wrap meeting each department reviewed its work. Lighting wanted to further reduce the visibility of the puppeteers, which would require light-absorbing costume fabric. Video acknowledged timings left loose under deadline pressure. The puppet shop would lighten puppets first built for exhibition rather than performance. A tour was in planning, first in China and later abroad.

Professor Hu’s summary was that the production had changed perceptions: in China, puppetry is usually filed under children’s theater, and Puzzle showed it could be more. Within two weeks the stage management team delivered a complete production archive in print and digital form. This page is built from that archive.

My part

  • Prepared my sections of the production archive

Documents

  • Wrap meeting minutes (Nov 21)
  • Production archive
Company portrait, puppeteers with their puppets
Fig. 48Company portrait, puppeteers with their puppets
Company portrait, the soldiers
Fig. 49Company portrait, the soldiers
Company portrait, puppeteers with their puppets
Fig. 50Company portrait, puppeteers with their puppets

Credits

Written by
Wanfeng Hu
Directed by
Tito Lorefice (Argentina), Wanfeng Hu
Puppet & scenic design
Wanfeng Hu
Puppet realization
Yongjia Li
Lighting design
Yugang Wang
Costume design
Yongjia Li
Makeup design
Ling Yin
Video design
Meng Zhang
Sound design
Aizhong Fan
Music
Hao Fu, Lingda Meng
Stage manager
Zhenguo Yang
Deputy stage manager
Yubo Zou
Assistant stage managers
Yiqiao Qian, Jiaxin Dong
Sound operator
Jingwen Li
Publicity & ticketing
Zekai Shen
Early production management
Yi Guo, Nuoyu Qu
Presented by
Department of Puppetry, The Central Academy of Drama